Fibers based on polyamides are generally better known under the protected brand names Nylon® and Perlon®. As the name suggests, polyamides are formed by reactions of carboxylic acid groups and amino groups to form amides. In contrast to the structurally very similar aramids, polyamides only have aliphatic carbon chains, but no aromatic components. The fibers are produced by means of melt spinning and mainly result in round fiber shapes. Polyamide fibres are characterized by high strength and toughness and absorb moisture well. In addition, they are chemically very resistant to organic solvents.
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Polyamides are formed by polymerization (more precisely polycondensation) between carboxylic acid derivatives and amino groups. In contrast to aramides, the carbon chains between the functional groups are aliphatic in nature and can vary in length. They are produced either by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid with a diamine or by ring-opening polymerization of a caprolactam. The polymerization technique used can be identified by the name of the resulting polymer. If the polyamide is produced from caprolactam, there is only one number after the product name (e.g. PA-6). When synthesized via polycondensation, there are two numbers after the product name (e.g. PA-6,10). Fiber production is usually carried out by means of melt spinning. Polymer is melted in an extruder and processed into filaments and finally spun fibers with the help of spinnerets. Downstream processes such as stretching and fiber finishing complete the process.
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