Polyvinyl alcohol, or PVA for short, is formally the polymer of vinyl alcohol. It is also known under protected brand names such as Kuraray Poval®, Mowiflex® or Kuralon®. Unlike many other synthetic polymers, PVA is mostly biodegradable. Depending on its composition and pre-treatment, PVA is readily soluble in water or absorbs it with swelling. Due to its hydrophilic character, polyvinyl alcohol can be embedded well in polar matrices.
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Although polyvinyl alcohol is formally the polymer of vinyl alcohol, it cannot be produced directly from it. Instead, the acetic acid ester of vinyl alcohol, known as vinyl acetate, is polymerized. In order to release the hydroxyl groups of the vinyl alcohol, the vinyl acetate polymer is hydrolyzed in the next step. The degree of hydrolysis (usually 85-98%) largely determines the properties of the PVA. While incompletely hydrolyzed PVA usually dissolves very well in cold water, fully hydrolyzed PVA can only be dissolved in hot water with a great deal of time and effort. Fiber production from PVA can be carried out using either a wet spinning process or a dry spinning process.
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